PT \( \Leftrightarrow \cos x + {\sin ^2}x\cos x + \sin x + {\cos ^2}x.\sin x = {\left( {\sin x + \cos x} \right)^2}\)

\( \Leftrightarrow \left( {\sin x + \cos x} \right) + {\sin ^2}x.\cos x + {\cos ^2}x.\sin x = {\left( {\sin x + \cos x} \right)^2}\)

\( \Leftrightarrow \sin x + \cos x + \sin x\cos x\left( {\sin x + \cos x} \right) = {\left( {\sin x + \cos x} \right)^2}\)

Đặt t = sinx + cosx = \(\sqrt 2 \sin \left( {x + \frac{\pi }{4}} \right),t \in \left[ { - \sqrt 2 ;\sqrt 2 } \right]\)

\( \Rightarrow {t^2} = 1 + 2\sin x\cos x \Rightarrow \sin x\cos x = \frac{{{t^2}}}{2} - \frac{1}{2}\)

⇒ Ta có: \(t + \left( {\frac{{{t^2}}}{2} - \frac{1}{2}} \right).t = {t^2}\)

\( \Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{2}{t^3} - {t^2} + \frac{1}{2}t = 0 \Leftrightarrow t = 0\) hoặc t = 1

\(t = 0 \Leftrightarrow \sqrt 2 \sin \left( {x + \frac{\pi }{4}} \right) = 0 \Leftrightarrow \sin \left( {x + \frac{\pi }{4}} \right) = 0\)

\( \Leftrightarrow x + \frac{\pi }{4} = k\pi \Leftrightarrow x = - \frac{\pi }{4} + k\pi ,k \in \mathbb{Z}\)

\(t = 1 \Leftrightarrow \sqrt 2 \sin \left( {x + \frac{\pi }{4}} \right) = 1 \Leftrightarrow \sin \left( {x + \frac{\pi }{4}} \right) = \frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{2}\)

\( \Leftrightarrow x + \frac{\pi }{4} = \frac{\pi }{4} + k2\pi \) hoặc \(x + \frac{\pi }{4} = \pi - \frac{\pi }{4} + k2\pi ,k \in \mathbb{Z}\)

\( \Leftrightarrow x = k2\pi \) hoặc \(x = \frac{\pi }{2} + k2\pi ,k \in Z\)

Vậy S = \[\left\{ {k2\pi ;\frac{\pi }{2} + k2\pi ; - \frac{\pi }{4} + k\pi ,k \in \mathbb{Z}} \right\}\].