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THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN (PAST SIMPLE TENSE)
Hướng dẫn chi tiết Lý thuyết: Động từ To Be, Động từ thường, Cách dùng & Dấu hiệu nhận biết
1. CÁCH DÙNG & DẤU HIỆU NHẬN BIẾT
1.1. Cách dùng chính
· Hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc hoàn toàn trong quá khứ, có thời gian xác định rõ ràng.
· Mô tả một chuỗi các hành động xảy ra liên tiếp trong quá khứ.
· Mô tả một thói quen hoặc tình trạng trong quá khứ (hiện tại không còn nữa).
1.2. Dấu hiệu nhận biết
· Yesterday: yesterday morning, yesterday afternoon, yesterday evening...
· Last + thời gian: last night, last week, last month, last year, last Tuesday...
· Thời gian + ago: two days ago, three months ago, five years ago...
· In + thời gian trong quá khứ: in 1990, in 2015, in December...
· When + mệnh đề quá khứ: when I was young, when I was a child...
2. THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN VỚI ĐỘNG TỪ TO BE (WAS / WERE)
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Quy tắc chia theo ngôi: • WAS đi với các chủ ngữ: I, He, She, It, Danh từ số ít, Danh từ không đếm được. • WERE đi với các chủ ngữ: You, We, They, Danh từ số nhiều. |
a. Thể Khẳng định (Affirmative)
Công thức: S + WAS / WERE + Adj / N
• I was tired yesterday. (Hôm qua tôi bị mệt.)
• They were in Hanoi last week. (Tuần trước họ ở Hà Nội.)
b. Thể Phủ định (Negative)
Công thức: S + WAS NOT / WERE NOT + Adj / N
(Dạng viết tắt: was not = wasn't | were not = weren't)
• She wasn't at home last night. (Tối qua cô ấy không có ở nhà.)
• We weren't late for school this morning. (Sáng nay chúng tôi không bị trễ học.)
c. Thể Nghi vấn (Interrogative)
Công thức: WAS / WERE + S + Adj / N?
Trả lời: Yes, S + was/were. / No, S + wasn't/weren't.
• Was he angry yesterday? -> Yes, he was. / No, he wasn't.
• Were you at the party last Sunday? -> Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't.
3. THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN VỚI ĐỘNG TỪ THƯỜNG (ORDINARY VERBS)
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Phân loại động từ: 1. Động từ có quy tắc (Regular Verbs): Thêm '-ed' vào sau động từ nguyên thể (e.g., play -> played, visit -> visited). 2. Động từ bất quy tắc (Irregular Verbs): Sử dụng cột 2 (V2) trong bảng động từ bất quy tắc (e.g., go -> went, buy -> bought). |
a. Thể Khẳng định (Affirmative)
Công thức: S + V2 / V-ed
(Chú ý: Tất cả các ngôi chủ ngữ đều chia giống nhau đối với động từ thường)
• She watched TV yesterday evening. (Tối qua cô ấy đã xem TV.)
• We went to the cinema two days ago. (Hai ngày trước chúng tôi đã đi xem phim.)
b. Thể Phủ định (Negative)
Công thức: S + DID NOT + V (nguyên thể)
(Dạng viết tắt: did not = didn't | Lưu ý: Khi đã dùng didn't, động từ chính trở về dạng nguyên thể)
• He didn't come to class yesterday. (Hôm qua anh ấy không đến lớp.)
• They didn't play football last weekend. (Cuối tuần trước họ không chơi bóng đá.)
c. Thể Nghi vấn (Interrogative)
Công thức: DID + S + V (nguyên thể)?
Trả lời: Yes, S + did. / No, S + didn't.
• Did you finish your homework last night? -> Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
• Did she call you an hour ago? -> Yes, she did. / No, she didn't.
4. BẢNG TỔNG HỢP CÔNG THỨC (DÀNH CHO HỌC SINH GHI CHÉP)
|
Thể (Form) |
Động từ TO BE |
Động từ THƯỜNG |
|
Khẳng định |
S + WAS / WERE |
S + V2 / V-ed |
|
Phủ định |
S + WASN'T / WEREN'T |
S + DIDN'T + V (nguyên thể) |
|
Nghi vấn |
WAS / WERE + S ...? |
DID + S + V (nguyên thể)...? |
BÀI TẬP THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN
A. LÝ THUYẾT
1. Cấu trúc
a, Động từ “to be”
(+) S + was / were + Adj
(-) S + wasn’t / were’t + Adj
(?) Was / Were + S + Adj ?
b, Động từ thường
(+) S + V2 (động từ chia ở thì quá khứ)
(-) S + did not / didn’t + V0 (động từ nguyên thể)
(?) Did + S + V0 (động từ nguyên thể) ?
2. Bảng động từ có quy tắc
|
Present |
Past |
Present |
Past |
|
want |
wanted |
play |
played |
|
need |
needed |
water |
watered |
|
talk |
talked |
bake |
baked |
|
pour |
poured |
shop |
shopped |
|
open |
opened |
pick up |
picked up |
|
study |
studied |
plant |
planted |
|
fix |
fixed |
fish |
fished |
|
turn |
turned |
sail |
sailed |
|
jump |
jumped |
finish |
finished |
|
listen |
listened |
sound |
sounded |
|
watch |
watched |
drop |
dropped |
|
cry |
cried |
shout |
shouted |
|
cook |
cooked |
walk |
walked |
|
visit |
visited |
smile |
smiled |
|
look |
looked |
skip |
skipped |
|
dance |
danced |
close |
closed |
|
delay |
delayed |
|
emailed |
|
live |
lived |
ship |
shipped |
|
travel |
traveled |
brush |
brushed |
3. Bảng động từ bất quy tắc
|
Present |
Past |
Present |
Past |
|
grow |
grew |
dig |
dug |
|
eat |
ate |
catch |
caught |
|
take |
took |
pay |
paid |
|
ride |
rode |
write |
wrote |
|
drive |
drove |
hear |
heard |
|
feel |
felt |
sing |
sang |
|
smell |
smelt |
spend |
spent |
|
wake up |
woke up |
teach |
taught |
|
send |
sent |
go |
went |
|
get up |
got up |
sit |
sat |
|
see |
saw |
win |
won |
|
make |
made |
drink |
drank |
|
have |
had |
get |
got |
|
buy |
bought |
give |
gave |
|
swim |
swam |
bring |
brought |
B. BÀI TẬP
I. Động từ “to be”
Bài 1: Chọn đáp án đúng
1. Henry was / were excited about his school trip to the countryside.
2. Was / Were the comic books on the shelf ?
3. Mary wasn’t / weren’t at home last Monday.
4. Was / Were there many people at the museum last weekend?
5. The cookies in the yellow box wasn’t / weren’t very tasty.
6. Was / Were Tom at school last Friday afternoon ?
7. There wasn’t / weren’t any eggs left in the fridge.
8. The movie was / were really scary so I closed my eyes.
9. The old tree in our yard was / were a great place to climb.
10. Last summer, the Smiths was / were on vacation in Italy.
II. Động từ có quy tắc
Bài 2: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở dạng quá khứ đơn
1. We __________ our English teacher after class yesterday. (visit)
2. My mom __________ a chocolate cake for my 10th birthday. (bake)
3. Linda __________ the flowers in her garden yesterday. (water)
4. The rabbits __________ over the small boxes. (jump)
5. Ben’s brother __________ his bike because it was broken. (fix)
6. The boy __________ his toys on the ground. (pick up)
7. The children __________ a new tree in the garden yesterday. (plant)
8. We __________ some water after the game. (need)
9. James’ fans __________ out his name loudly. (shout)
10. The student __________ his teacher for more homework. (email)
Bài 3: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở dạng quá khứ đơn
1. Sarah __________ the window because it was cold outside. (not / open)
2. The teacher __________ the lesson although she was ill. (not / delay)
3. Kate __________ her homework before dinner. (not / finish)
4. The students __________ for the test last night. (not / study)
5. The boys __________ off the light when they left the room. (not / turn)
6. Martin __________ to say anything because he was tired. (not / want)
7. Kate __________ her homework before dinner. (not / finish)
8. The students __________ for the test last night. (not / study)
9. Yesterday my mom __________ dinner because she wasn’t at home. (not / cook)
10. I was sick last night so I __________ my favourite cartoon last night. (not / watch)
Bài 4: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở dạng quá khứ đơn
1. __________ Tom __________ football with his friends last Sunday? (play)
2. __________ Lucy __________ to her new friends yesterday? (talk)
3. __________ the baby __________ when she was hungry? (cry)
4. __________ you __________ orange juice on the sofa? (pour)
5. __________ your sister __________ for new clothes at the mall? (shop)
6. __________ she __________ a movie with her sister last weekend? (watch)
7. __________ Laura __________ the window before leaving? (close)
8. __________ your girlfriend __________ on the stage last night? (dance)
9. __________ you __________ frop the keys on the street? (drop)
10. __________ your dad __________ listen to that band? (listen)
Bài 5: Sắp xếp các từ để tạo thành câu hoàn chỉnh
1. last night / my / favourite / songs / listened / I / to / .
→ ___________________________________________________________________
2. last Sunday / fished / Ben / and / his dad / at the lake / .
→ ___________________________________________________________________
3. sailed / The men / last summer / to / China .
→ ___________________________________________________________________
4. smiled / at / me / She / happily / this morning / .
→ ___________________________________________________________________
5. didn’t / He / the bus / because / catch / he / was / late/ .
→ ___________________________________________________________________
6. didn't / last August / travel / They / to / anywhere / .
→ ___________________________________________________________________
7. brush / didn’t / his teeth / Tom / last night / .
→ ___________________________________________________________________
8. the girls / Did / skip / in the schoolyard / this afternoon / ?
→ ___________________________________________________________________
9. Thao / Did / in Hanoi / live / she / when / small / was / ?
→ ___________________________________________________________________
10. ship / afternoon / Did / the boxes / yesterday / they / ?
→ ___________________________________________________________________
III. Động từ bất quy tắc
Bài 6: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở dạng quá khứ đơn
1. The little boy __________ a hole in the garden yesterday. (dig)
2. David’s dad __________ us to the park last Sunday. (drive)
3. My aunt __________ a new pair of shoes for my birthday. (buy)
4. Sarah __________ a letter to her grandmother in New York. (write)
5. They __________ to their grandma’s house after school. (go)
6. My dad __________ me how to swim. (teach)
7. The lady __________ a lot of money on shoes and clothes. (spend)
8. I __________ at seven o’clock yesterday morning. (wake up)
9. The flowers __________ very quickly in spring. (grow)
10. Dad __________ the bus driver five dollars. (pay)
Bài 7: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở dạng quá khứ đơn
1. Lucy __________ any songs at the party because she was sick. (not / sing)
2. I __________ my mom’s voice in the living room. (not / hear)
3. She __________ very tired although it was a long trip. (not / feel)
4. Kai __________ any pencil in his pencil case. (not / have)
5. The children __________ early because they were tired. (not / get up)
6. Her son __________ on that pink chair. (not / sit)
7. Harry __________ any wine at the party last week. (not / get up)
8. My child __________ in the swimming pool this afternoon. (not / swim)
9. My friend __________ back my book to me. (not / give)
10. The girls __________ some fruits to her teacher’s house. (not / bring)
Bài 8: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở dạng quá khứ đơn
1. __________ they __________ a strange smell in the kitchen? (smell)
2. __________ you __________ our Maths teacher at the supermarket? (see)
3. __________ Minh __________ a postcard to his friend? (send)
4. __________ Tom __________ his bicycle to school yesterday? (ride)
5. __________ they __________ sandwiches for lunch at school? (eat)
6. __________ your daughter __________ friends at her primary school? (make)
7. __________ the girls __________ early for school this morning? (wake up)
8. __________ your favourite team __________ the match yesterday? (win)
9. __________ the dog __________ a ball in the garden? (catch)
10. __________ Thuy __________ a new school bag? (get)
Bài 9: Sắp xếp các từ để tạo thành câu hoàn chỉnh
1. a new jacket / this morning / Tom / wore / to work / .
→ ___________________________________________________________________
2. My brother / evening / broke / yesterday / his toy / .
→ ___________________________________________________________________
3. Our teacher / us / told / a funny story / .
→ ___________________________________________________________________
4. Linh / a beautiful picture / drew / at school / last Friday / .
→ ___________________________________________________________________
5. didn't / The students / the answer / know / for / question / the first / .
→ ___________________________________________________________________
6. we / didn't / any photos / last summer / take / in Hanoi City / .
→ ___________________________________________________________________
7. They / understand / didn’t / the question / about / Prince Henry / .
→ ___________________________________________________________________
8. you / Did / Jack’s shop / last weekend / come / to / ?
→ ___________________________________________________________________
9. Did / she / meet / her teacher / last Monday / at the supermarket ?
→ ___________________________________________________________________
10. his / Did / the game / favourite team / lose / ?
→ ___________________________________________________________________
IV. Tổng hợp
Bài 10: Điền dạng đúng của từ trong ngoặc
A Busy Saturday
Last Sunday, Emma (1) __________(wakeup) early because she (2) __________(want) to go shopping with her mum.
She (3) __________(have) some sandwiches for breakfast and then (4) __________ (get) dressed quickly.
Emma and her mum (5) __________(catch) a bus to the town centre. They (6) __________(go) shopping and (7) __________(buy) a present for Emma’s dad.
At lunchtime, Emma(8) __________(smell) some delicious food and (9) ___________(feel) very hungry, so her mom (10)__________(take) her to a small restaurant. They (11) __________(drink) coke and (12) __________(eat)pizzas there.
In the afternoon, they (13) __________(walk) to the park. Emma (14) __________(ride) her bike while her mum (15) __________(sit) under a tree to read a book.
Suddenly, Emma (16) __________(hear) some music from a music band near the lake. Emma (17) __________( (listen) to the band and (18) __________(smile) happily.
At the end of the day, Emma (19)__________(feel) very tired, but she (20) __________(be) very happy.
