1. My school last won the first prize of the English speaking Contest in 2016.
→ My school has not won the first prize of the English speaking Contest since 2016.

Giải thích (Việt): Dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành với "since" để nói từ lần cuối đạt được đến nay không còn nữa.
Explanation (English): Use present perfect + "since" to show that the event hasn't happened since a past time.

2. We usually went camping when he was a child.
→ Ba used to go camping when he was a child.

Giải thích (Việt): "Usually went camping" → chuyển thành "used to" để diễn tả thói quen trong quá khứ.
Explanation (English): "Used to" expresses a past habit that no longer happens.

3. "My best friend is living in Ho Chi Minh City," my sister said to me.
→ My sister told me that her best friend was living in Ho Chi Minh City.

Giải thích (Việt): Chuyển câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp, đổi thì từ "is living" → "was living". Đại từ "my" → "her".
Explanation (English): Change direct speech to reported speech: present → past, and pronouns change.

4. Although he works hard, he can't support his large family.
→ Despite working hard, he can't support his large family.

Giải thích (Việt): "Although + mệnh đề" → chuyển sang "Despite + V-ing" giữ nguyên ý nghĩa.
Explanation (English): Use "Despite + V-ing" to replace "Although + subject + verb" with same meaning.

5. She moved to London 6 years ago.
→ She has lived in London for 6 years.

Giải thích (Việt): Diễn tả hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ và vẫn tiếp diễn, dùng hiện tại hoàn thành + for.
Explanation (English): Present perfect + "for" is used for actions that started in the past and still continue.

6. "Do you like pop music, Nam?" asked Nga.
→ Nga asked Nam if he liked pop music.

Giải thích (Việt): Câu hỏi Yes/No → dùng "asked if", đổi thì và chủ ngữ.
Explanation (English): Yes/No question becomes reported speech with "asked if" + subject + past tense.

7. Lam was lazy, so she did not finish her homework.
→ Because of her laziness, Lam did not finish her homework.

Giải thích (Việt): "Because + mệnh đề" → chuyển sang "Because of + danh từ/cụm danh từ".
Explanation (English): Change "because + sentence" to "because of + noun/phrase".

8. She has not visited her grandparents for 3 months.
→ She last visited her grandparents 3 months ago.

Giải thích (Việt): Dùng mẫu "She last + V2 + thời gian ago" để nói lần cuối làm việc gì.
Explanation (English): Use "She last + past verb + time ago" to say when something last happened.

9. "I am going to spend my summer vacation in the countryside," Peter said to me.
→ Peter told me that he was going to spend his summer vacation in the countryside.

Giải thích (Việt): Chuyển câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp, đổi chủ ngữ "I" → "he", "am going to" → "was going to".
Explanation (English): In reported speech: change pronouns and verb tense accordingly.

10. "Does Miss White live here?" the postman asked the boy.
→ The postman asked the boy if Miss White lived there.

Giải thích (Việt): Câu hỏi Yes/No → dùng "asked if", đổi thì hiện tại đơn → quá khứ đơn, "here" → "there".
Explanation (English): In Yes/No reported questions: use "asked if", change tense and place words.