16. I was reading an article last week in (1)_________ the writ...

Question

16. I was reading an article last week in (1)_________ the writer described how her children has changed as they grow up. When they were small she had to (2)__________ up with noisy games in the house, or join in interminable games of football in the garden which wore her out. If the house went quiet, she wondered what the monsters were getting up to, or what crisis she would have to (3)__________ with next. She dreaded the fact that they might take after her husband, who admitted having (4)________ an uncontrollable child who (5)_________ most of the time showing off to his friends by breaking things or getting into fights. What was worse was that (6)__________ else thought he was a sweet child, and he got away with the most terrible things! However, she had experienced an even greater shocked with her children. They had (7)_________ out of all their naughty behavior, and taken up serious hobbies (8)__________ as chess and playing the piano. They never did anything without (9)______ it over first, and coming to a serious decision. She had to face up to the fact that they made her feel rather childish as they got (10)__________, and that in some ways she preferred them when they were young and noisy. 17. Enjoyment is what drinking wine is all about. However, the more you know, (1)________ easier it becomes to select the right wines for you or your guests. Wine is basically grape juice to (2)________ yeast has been added causing it to ferment and produce alcohol. Alcohol is flavourless, so there must be something more (3)________ wine than this. Many of the secrets of wine lie within the grape. Its pulp is a sugar solution which contains the things that give a wine its fruity flavour. In a dry wine, most of a grape’s sugar has been converted (4)________ alcohol. In a sweet one, more sugar is left. This can be felt on the (5)________ of the tongue. The pulp also contains acidity which gives the wine "crispness” that makes the mouth water. Too much (6)__________ it can make you wince, too little and the wine could taste dull. The skin contains flavour and tannin. Tannin produces a tingling sensation in the gums and gives a wine firmness. White grapes (7)__________ their skins removed before fermentation so tannin is only really found in red wines. The pulp of black and white grapes is (8)__________ same pale colour. The fact that the skins of black grapes are left on (9)__________ the wine is fermented gives red wine its colour. The wines which are often considered to be the best are (10)__________ where all the elements balance one another. There are many grape varieties grown in many climates which influence the emphasis given to these features and this is why wines can be so wonderfully different. 18. SPLENDID SPAS OF ASIA Lying on a bed almost on the (1) ________ of a cliff, with a stupendous ocean view and the (2) ________ of waves, aches and pains are soothed away (3) ________ expert hands. Only two steps are needed to reach the private pool, which seems to merge (4) ________ the ocean. Such a scenario is no longer a fantasy (5) ________ an increasingly popular reality in Asia for many stressed out businessmen and visitors from all over the world in search of that peaceful time and space for their body and mind. In the last four years, at (6) ________ 17 hotel spas have opened in South East Asia to (7) ________ this need. The tropical climate of the region and its reliable sunshine make for an ideal spa setting. Picturesque environments (8) ________ with a series of rejuvenating treatments bring the desired result. The Asian spa resorts have acquired a formidable reputation for their professional services as (9) ________ as for the decor of their large treatment rooms. Visitors relax with Thai music and soak in the warm tones of the room. As all these take (10) ________ in individual rooms, precious privacy is guaranteed, a rare privilege often absent from other spas where guests share rooms or changing areas. 19. BICYCLE SAFETY Having to obey rules and regulations when riding a bike is one of the first experiences children have of the idea of (1) ……………. the law. However, a large number of children are left to learn the rules by trial and error, instead of being guided by experienced (2) …………….. Every year, hundreds of children visit the doctor or the hospital casualty department (3) ………..……. crashing on their bikes. This could be easily prevented by (4) ………………. them the basics of bicycle safety. Ideally, children should be allowed to (5) ……………..…. only in safe places, such as parks and cycle tracks. When this is not possible, and they are permitted to go on the (6) ……………..…., it is important to teach them some basic safety principles. First, they ought to learn and obey the rules of the road, which (7) ………….……. traffic signs, signals and road markings. Second, they should (8) ……………..…. wear a helmet. Studies have shown that wearing bicycle helmets can (9) ……………..…. head injuries by up to 85 percent. In many places, (10) …………….…. are required by law, particularly for children. Finally, children should be made to understand the importance of riding in areas that are brightly lit and of wearing clothes that make them clearly visible on the road. 20. Son Doong Cave is in the heart of Phong Nha Ke Bang National Park in Quang Binh province of Central Vietnam. Only recently (1)......................in 2009-2010 by the British Cave Research Association, the cave has only been open to the (2)......................since 2013. Fewer people have seen the inside of Son Doong Cave than have stood on the summit of Mount Everest. Join us on this otherworldly expedition and become one of the lucky few (3)................... have had the life changing experience of exploring the world's largest cave. Imagine trekking straight into the (4)........................of the world's largest cave on an expedition unlike any other. A cave is (5)........................massive that a Boeing 747 could fly through its largest cavern. Foreign landscapes found (6) ……………......... else, enormous stalagmites rising from the ground and statuesque stalactites hanging from the ceiling like an alien species. Jungles emerge (7)........................the cave itself, which is so surreal that it's worth seeing once. Misty clouds envelop the whole scene, a result of the cave's own localised weather system. Passages adorned (8).......................ancient fossils offer evidence of the millions of years that have passed on this Earth. As you approach the Jungle just outside the entrance, the (9) ……………........... of cool wind that cascades out brings to life everything inside of you. Hazy, cold and exhilarating, it is apparent that there's (10).........................magical waiting just beyond the opening to the cave. 21. MTV stands for Music Television. It's a television (1)________________ dedicated to pop music. It was (2)________________ on 1st August 1981 in the United States. Because of MTV's instant success in the US, the company expanded into other (3)_______________. MTV Europe (4)_________________ operating on 1st August 1987. MTV Europe (5)______________ 24 hours a day from its London studios. It can be seen in 33 countries and reaches an estimated (6)___________ of 110 million viewers. People of 19 different nationalities work at London headquarters, and they try to offer a (7) _____________ of music from all over Europe. The channel broadcasts in (8)___________ but Germany provides the biggest number of viewers. Currently, one fifth of the (9)______________ is by German artists. Most of TV output is video and concerts, but there is also a programme (10)___________ Unplugged, where major artists play live and acoustic in front of a small studio audience. 22. Most of the addicts are men. They come home (1)……………….work, eat their meal quickly, and then spend the evening (2)………………….. their computers. Some of them (3)………..…….programs, but most of them (4)…………….……play games. Some wises say (5)…………….….computer is killing their marriage. Their husbands play until three (6)……….….. four o’clock in the morning and all weekend. people (7)………….……..these lonely wives “computer widows”. When television became popular in the 1950s, doctors said it caused “ television neck”, TV eyes and (8)………………...new illnesses, and makes their eyes tired. But worst (9)……….…..all, it is addictive. That means it is (10)…………….drinking, smoking or taking drugs. Some people can’t stop doing it. 23. A Success Story At 19, Ben Way is already a millionaire and one of a growing number of teenagers ____________ (1) have made their fortune through the Internet. ____________ (2) makes Ben's story all the more remarkable is that he is dyslexic, and was told by teachers _____________ (3) his junior school that he would never be able to read or write properly. "I wanted to prove them wrong", says Ben, creator and director of Way search, a net search engine which can be used to find goods ___________ (4) online shopping malls. When he was eight, his local authorities provided him ____________ (5) a PC to help with schoolwork. Although he was unable to read the manuals, he had a natural ____________ (6) with the computer, and encouraged by his father, he soon began charging people E10 an hour for his knowledge and skills. At the age of 15 he set up his own computer consultancy, Quad Computer, which he ran from his bedroom, two years later he left school ____________ (7) devote all his time to business. "By this time the company had grown and I needed to take ____________ (8) a couple of employees to help me," says Ben. “That enabled me to start doing business with bigger companies.” It was his ability to consistently ____________ (9) difficult challenges that led him to win the You Entrepreneur of the Year award in the same year that he formed Way search, and he has recently signed a deal worth £25 million with a private investment company, which will finance ___________ (10) search engine. 24. Speech is one of the most important (1)___________ of communicating. It consists of far more than just making noises. To talk and also to be (2)__________ by other people, we have to speak a language, that is , we have to use combinations of (3)___________ that everyone agrees stand for particular object or idea. Communication would be impossible if everyone made up their own language. Learning a language properly is very (4)____________ The basic (5)___________ of English is not very large, and only about 2000 words are needed to speak it quite (6)____________ But the more words you know, the more idea you can (7)_____________ and the more precise you can be about their exact meaning. Words are the (8)_____________ thing we use in communicating what we want to say. The way we (9)_____________ the words is also very important. Our tone of voice can express many emotions and (10)_____________ whether we are pleased or angry, for instance. 25. Around the age of eighteen, you must make one of the biggest decisions of your life. "Do I stay on at school and hopefully go on to university (1)_____________? Do I leave and start work or begin (2) ________________ training course?". The decision is yours, but it may be (3)_______________ remembering two things: there is more unemployment among people (4)_________________ haven't been to university, and people who have the right (5)________________ will have a big advantage in the competition for jobs. If you decide to go straight into a job, there are many opportunities (6)______________ training. Getting qualifications will (7)____________ you to get on more quickly in many careers, and evening classes allow you to learn (8)_______________ you earn. Starting work and taking a break to study when you are older is (9)______________ possibility. This way, you can save up money for your student days, as well as (10)________________ practical work experience. 26. Kim Jong-il (16th February 1941 – 17th December 2011) was the supreme leader of North Korea (1) ……………………….. 1994 to 2011. Kim Jong-il died (2) ……………………….. a suspected heart (3) ……………………….. on 17th December 2011 while traveling by train to an area outside Pyongyang. He was succeeded by his youngest son Kim Jong-un, (4) ……………………….. was considered by the Korean Central News Agency (5) ……………………….. the "Great Successor". The Korean Central News Agency reported that during his death, a fierce snowstorm paused and the sky glowed red above the sacred Mount Paektu. The ice on a famous lake also cracked so loud, it seemed to shake the Heavens and the Earth. Kim Jong-il's funeral took (6) ……………………….. on December 28th in Pyongyang, with a mourning period lasting until the (7) ……………………….. day. South Korea's military was immediately put on alert after the announcement. Asian stock markets fell soon after the announcement, due to similar concerns. (8) ……………………….. January 12th, 2012 North Korea called Kim Jong-il the "eternal leader" and announced that his (9) ……………………….. will be preserved and displayed at Pyongyang's Kumsusan Memorial Palace. Officials will also install statues, portraits, and "towers to his immortality" across the country. His (10) ……………………….. of February 16th has been declared "the greatest auspicious holiday of the nation", and has been named the Day of the Shining Star. 27. Australia is a big country, but nearly all Australians live near the sea. On hot summer days, you can see thousands of people at the beach. Many beaches have waves (1) …………………… are very high. These large waves are known as surf and the people who ride them are called surfers. Surfing is a skill, and it needs learning. Don’t (2) …………………… to be able to surf properly the (3) …………………… time you try. However, by practising a few times you will learn (4) …………………… to do it. Surfing is not a new sport. Perhaps its origins need explaining. It started hundreds (5) …………………… years ago in Hawaii. Men swam (6) …………………… to sea to catch fish and found they could come back to land very quickly by riding the waves. These first surfers did not (7) …………………… a board. They were “body surfers”. Many people (8) …………………… do this type of surfing today. After a while people started to use boards and rode the waves by lying, kneeling or standing (9) …………………… them. These first surfboards were made of wood and the water made them rot after a while. Today, surfboards are made of plastic or fibreglass (10) …………………………. 28. Is your school just as you wanted it to be? Or are there things you and your classmates (1) ________ change, given the opportunity? This is your chance to express your ideas about (2) ________ the ideal school is like. Our competition is open to (3) ________ student between the ages of twelve and eighteen. You can enter (4) ________ an individual or your whole class can work together on a team entry. Your entry can take any form – a piece of writing, a picture, or even architectural plans. It is completely (5) ________ to you. What we are looking for is evidence (6) ________ originality, imagination and, above (7) ________, the genuine views of young people. By (8) ________ part in this, you will help in a study being carried out at a leading university. All work entered (9) ________ the competition will be kept at the university and used in research. Entries cannot be returned (10) ________ of this. But it also means that, even (11) ________ you do not win, your views will still be heard and will remain for future educationalists to study. Entries must reach us no (12) ________ than Friday 30 April. Winners will receive valuable prizes of computer equipment and software for their schools. 29. Is Photography Dead? For a long time in the past photography was not regarded as an art. It was simply a skill and it was criticized for being too mechanical and not creative enough. At last, however, photography is now accepted as a unique and very important (1)...............of art. The photograph's claim to be an objective record of reality is now seriously challenged, and the important function of photography in modern-day society is consequently (2) …………......threat. The threat has suddenly become all the more serious as more and more photographers are (3).......................... to the new technology which computers offer. Moreover, a (n) (4) ...................... number of colleges have now begun to offer (5)...................... in computer imaging. All these developments (6).................... a disturbing question. Is photography, as we know (7).........................dead? In spite of its complete transformation by new technological developments, however, photography will continue to play a (8) …………............role in our culture. Although it may no longer (9)............ to be realistic, modern photography can continue to provide us with fresh visual (10) ........................about ourselves and the world in which we live. 30. The British are widely (1) _____________ to be a very polite nation, and in (2)____________ respects this is true. An Italian journalist once commented of the British that they need (3) ________________ fewer than four “thank you” merely to buy a bus ticket. The first, from the bus conductor means, “I’m here.” The second accompanies the handing over of the money. The third, again from the conductor, (4) ________________ “Here is your ticket.”, and then the passenger utters a final one as he accepts the tickets. Such transactions in most (5) ______________ parts of the world are usually conducted in total silence. In sharp contrast to this excessive politeness with strangers, the British are strangely lacking (6) __________________ ritual phrases for social interaction. The exhortation “Good appetite”, uttered in so (7) _______________ other languages to fellow-diners before a meal, does not exist in English. The nearest equivalent – Enjoy your dinner! – is said only by people who will not be partaking of the meal in question. What’s more, the British (8) ______________ happiness to their friends or acquaintances only at the start of a new year and at (9)__________________ such as birthdays, (10) _________________ the Greeks routinely wish all and sundry a “good week” or a “good month”. 31. Cell Phones Cell phones have been popular in Japan since the early 1990s, but it was (1)________ until 1999 that their use really took off. The age of cell phones has emerged, but with it come problems. Cell phones are used on buses and trains, in restaurants, and in all areas of (2)________. They cause problems when they (3)________ during meetings, concerts, weddings, or even funerals. What's more, people speak loudly in public, and students read and text messages during lessons. (4)________ seriously, when a cell phone is used near a person (5)________ a pacemaker to fegulate his heartbeat, its radio waves may interfere with the functioning of the pacemaker. Now, something is being done to solve these (6)________. In many places, new technology is being used to block cell phone calls. Airline (7)________ are requested to stop using cell phones while on board. Concert halls ask their audience to switch their phones to the (8)________ mode. However, phone users fear that if they do not (9)________ their phones, they will lose valuable business opportunities. That's why many do not (10)________ off their phones even when they are asked to. 32. Although the rise in the global temperature by 4 per cent predicted by many scientists may not sound like much, it is the difference between (1)________ and the last Ice Age, when huge glaciers (2)________ Europe and most of Britain. Nobody knows exactly what would happen in a warmer world, (3)________ we do know some things. Heat a kettle and the water inside it expands. The temperature of the world has climbed more than half a degree this century, and the oceans have risen by at (4)________ 10 cm. But just as it takes several minutes for a kettle to begin (5)________, so it may have taken the oceans thirty years to swell. This means that the global warming we are now (6)________ is a result only of the carbon dioxide we have dumped into the atmosphere up to (7)________ 1960s. Since then, the use of fossil (8)________ has increased rapidly. Scientists working for the United Nations and European governments have (9)________ warning that what the Dutch and the people of the East Anglia will need to do will be to build more extensive sea defences. Many of the world’s greater cities are at (10)________, because they are located at sea level. Miami, (11)________ entirely built on a sandbank, could be swept away. But the effects of (12)________ sea levels will be much worse for the developing countries. With a metre rise in sea levels, 200 million people could become (13)________. There are other fears too, (14)________ to a recent United Nations report. The plight of the hungry in the northern Africa could (15)________, as rainfall in the Sahara and beyond is reduced by 20 per cent. 33. Vitamins are substances required for the proper functioning of the body. In this century, thirteen vitamins have been discovered . A lack of any vitamins in a person’s body can cause illness. In some cases, an excess of vitamins can also (1)………..…….to illness. For example, sailors in the past were prone to suffer from scurvy (2)…………….…is a disease resulting from the lack of vitamin C. It causes bleeding of the gum, loss of teeth and skin rashes. Sailors suffer from scurvy because they did not eat fruits and vegetables. Fruits and vegetables contain vitamin C ,which is necessary for good (3)…….…….. Vitamin B complex is composed of eight different vitamins. A lack of any of these vitamins will lead to different(4)…………..…….. For instance, a person who has too little vitamin B1 will suffer from beri-beri, a disease that causes heart problems and mental disorders. A lack of vitamin B2 results in eye and skin problems while deficiency of vitamin B6 causes problems of the nervous system. Too little vitamin B12 will cause anemia. The knowledge that vitamin deficiencies caused certain diseases led doctors to (5)…………………people suffering from these illnesses by giving them doses of the necessary (6)……..……….Today, vitamins are available (7)………..…….the form of pills and can easily be bought at any pharmacy. 34. ITALY’S MOST POETIC CITY Venice has been an inspiration for writers, artists and musicians throughout history. In the 15th century it was the world’s (1) ___________ port. Since then it has built up an astonishing collection of art and architecture (2) ___________ to its trade with the East. The city (3) ______________ its visitors incredible sights. Do not believe those who say Venice is a museum. This is still a living city full of joys. Venice looks good in any light. The sun makes the domes sparkle, but even on a grey, (4) ____________ day the city can be extremely romantic. And (5) _____________ it gets overcrowded, (6) ________________ is an easy escape to the other islands in the Venice Gulf, (7) _______________ brightly-colored houses are a photographer’s dream. In a curious way, Venice is a model city for the future; it is free from cars and the (8) _____________ way to get around is by public transport or on foot. This one fact alone (9) ____________ it a unique city, one (10) ________________ traffic noise, the creation of genius indeed. 35. How to win friends and influence colleagues The worst sins that office workers can commit in the eyes of colleagues are interrupting people on the phone, talking loudly in front of someone’s desk and arriving late (1) ___________ a meeting. It is almost (2) _____________ bad to eat at your desk, make personal phone calls or leave coffee cups (3) ____________ around, according to Bodytalk, a guide published by the Industrial Society, (4) ____________ lists the 30 traits most likely to annoy colleagues. High on the list are signing on at someone else’s computer terminal (5) ___________ signing off afterwards, messing up the photocopier by jamming the paper or leaving it set to produce multiple copies. Reading newspaper, doodling, chewing gum, keeping cuddly toys or ornaments on your desk, and putting up postcards or supposedly witty slogan (6) _____________ invite disapproval. Also unpopular are (7) ____________ who never fetch a colleague a drink from the machine, or who (8) ___________ to hold the lift door open when others are approaching. (9) ___________ conduct, according to the guide’s author, Judi James, not only gives you an unprofessional image but is downright anti-social and could result (10) ___________ dismissal. 36. The Countryside Agency began the process of designating the South Downs as a National Park in April last year. We believe that being a National Park is the best way to protect the Downs, build on the achievements of the past to (1) ______________ and enhance the area in its widest sense for future (2) ______________ . The Downs are under huge and increasing pressure. The South East is one of the busiest and most pressurised regions (3) ______________ Europe. This means there is (4) ______________ demand for the development of new homes, roads and industry. There are also more people living and working in the region, which means more need for people to be able to access beautiful and peaceful countryside to get (5) ______________ from it all. The Downs already receives around 35 million visits a year: this number is likely to increase as more and more people live and work in the area. Designation will bring a body with new ideas and resources specifically focused on (6) ______________ and visitor management, working with others across the whole of the Park to encourage co-ordination and joint action, and taking action itself where needed. It will be able to manage the increasing number of visitors so that the Downs themselves are not (7) ______________, but are still a resource everyone can enjoy. It will also be best placed to protect and enhance the Downs, so that the qualities so many people love in this special area remain for future generations. We have two (8) ______________: to identify a boundary for the proposed National Park and to prepare advice to the Government on the arrangements needed for a South Downs National Park Authority. The Agency is launching a widespread public consultation in November 2015 which will last for three months and give all interested organisations and individuals the (9) _________ to comment in detail on our initial proposals for the boundary and the administrative options for the National Park Authority. If you would like to receive a copy of the consultation document once it is published then please contact us (10) _____________ the feedback form. 37. It is not surprising that actors want to be pop stars and vice versa. (1) ..................... that is deep in a part of our brain that most of us manage to keep under control, we all want to be pop stars and actors. Sadly, there’s nothing about the (2) ..................... profession that automatically qualifies you for the other, except, of course, for the fact that famous actors and singers are already surrounded by people who never say no to them. (3) ..................... the whole, pop stars tend to fare better on screen than their (4) ..................... numbers do on CD. Let’s (5) ..................... it: not being able to act is no big drawback in Hollywood, whereas not being able to play or sing still tends to count (6) ..................... you in the recording studio. Some stars do display a genuine proficiency in both disciplines, and a few even maintain successful careers in both fields, but this just (7) ..................... a bad example for all the others. For every success, there are two dozen failures. And most of them have no idea how terrible they are. (8) ..................... as power tends to corrupt, so celebrity tends to destroy the ability to gauge whether or not you’re making a fool of (9) ..................... . But perhaps we shouldn’t criticize celebrities for trying to expand their horizons in this way. (10) ..................... there is one good thing about actors trying to sing and singers trying to act, it is that it keeps them all too busy to write books. 38. Enjoy the benefits of stress! Are you looking forward to another busy week? You should be according to some experts. They argue that the stress encountered in our daily lives is not only good for us, but essential to survival. They say that the response to (1) _________, which creates a chemical called adrenal in, helps the mind and body to act quickly (2) ___________ emergencies. Animals and human beings use it to meet the hostile conditions which exist on the planet. Whilst nobody denies the pressures of everyday life, what is surprising is that we are yet to develop successful ways of dealing with them. (3) ________ the experts consider the current strategies to be inadequate and often dangerous. They believe that (4) ________ of trying to manage our response to stress with drugs or relaxation techniques, we must exploit it. Apparently, research shows that people (5) ________ create conditions of stress for (6) _______ by doing exciting and risky sports or looking for challenges, cope much better with life's problems. Activities of this type have been shown to create a lot of emotion; people may actually cry or feel extremely uncomfortable. But there is a point (7) _________ which they realise they have succeeded and know that it was a positive experience. This is because we learn through challenge and difficulty. That's (8) _________ we get our wisdom. Few of us, unfortunately, understand this fact. For example, many people believe they (9) _________ from stress at work, and take time off as a result. Yet it has been found in some companies that by far (10) __________ healthiest people are those with the most responsibility. So next time you're in a stressful situation, just remember that it will be a positive learning experience and could also benefit your health! 39. The majority of lottery winners change their lives (1) __________ little, and continue on their settled way happy ever after. A couple of years ago, a Mr. David Horabin won a million. He had been struggling to (2) _________ a success of his dry cleaning shop for the past 12 months. He accepted his cheque in a small ceremony (3) ________ the premises at 2.30, and by three o'clock he had reopened for business. The reaction of Mr. Pasquale Consalvo who won $30 million in the New York state lottery was very (4) _________. He was unhappy not to be able to fulfill his desire to go to work as (5) ___________ on the day he won. He also said that if the money made him (6) ____________ he would give it back. In fact, the chances of his life being made a misery by his new-found wealth are almost (7) _________ slim though not quite as the sixty million-to-one odds he beat to take a jackpot (8)________ had remained unclaimed through six previous draws. Gambling small amounts (9) __________ the lottery is a harmless if futile hobby. (10) __________, gambling can become an addiction, increasingly so as the activity becomes socially acceptable. 40. If there is just one single thing more astonishing than the ability of the adult human being to talk, it is the process by which someone learns to do this. Some parts of the process are still (1)________ much a closed book, but it is for the (2)_________ part possible to describe what the child is doing at various stages in its development, even if we cannot account (3)________ how exactly it learns to do these things. In fact, research carried out by various linguists has (4)_________ rise to as many theories as there are differences in the rate of development. A baby actually makes sounds from the moment it is born, but for some time these are rather far removed (5)_________ articulate speech. In something like a year, a baby will probably be at a stage where one or two syllables represent the peak of its achievement as a speaker; one more year and it will be (6)_______ out with short phrases, and after this it seems (7)________ time at all before the child is capable of uttering complete sentences. Despite being a truly remarkable feat of learning, this is one that is performed by the vast (8)_________ of human beings. Complex operations are brought (9)________ play in these dealing with speech and language; the key (10)_______ in brain work, though tongue – work and ear – work play a part in the whole process. 41. Chuyên Hoàng Lê Kha - Tây Ninh 2021-2022 A word in a dictionary is very much like a car in a mammoth motor show – full of potential but temporarily inactive. To put the car on the road a complex of things is required including fuel, a controller at the wheel and knowledge of the rules of the road. To get a word moving we (1) ____________ the things that come (2) ____________ the heading of grammar. Grammar describes words in action. It classifies words into parts of speech, lists the changes of form that words can undergo when (3) _______________ contact with other words and examines the placing of the totality of words needed for the expression of thought. Because grammar (4) ____________ like a science and yet does not behave like one (words often jump (5) ____________ of their classificatory cages), teachers and textbook-writers have been accused of digging too (6) ___________ into it. A lot of out-of-date conceptions become fossilised in grammar-books, and their writers do not like to admit this. Nor does the inertia of teachers or the examiner’s love of (7) _______________ unambiguous encourage them to revise the thirty-third edition. It is best to let things carry (8) ______________ as they are; let sleeping dogmas lie. The pupil-examinees do not want (9) ____________ light on grammar; they merely want to (10) _______________ rid of it. 42. Chuyên Hoàng Lê Kha - Tây Ninh Throughout history people have worn clothing of one description or another. Apart from protection against the weather, clothes were (1) ____________ often used to show the wearer's status and wealth. Over the years, numerous fashions in clothing have come and gone. (2)____________ some of these have been popular for relatively short periods, others have (3)____________ longer. (4)_______________ the first half of the 20th century, the ability to follow fashion was limited to those who had the money to (5)______________ so. But following fashion did not only demand money, it also required large amounts of leisure time. Wealthy people took fashion very (6) ________________ and close attention had to be paid to detail. Wearing the correct clothes for different occasions was very important, despite the fact that this often meant (7)_________________ clothes five or six times day. More recently, fashionable clothes have come (8) ________________the reach of ordinary people. The traditional craft of dressmaking, (9)_______________ usually involved sewing by hand, was both costly and slow. But today, large-scale manufacturing has made it easier for people to keep up with changes in fashion (10)_______________ having to spend a great deal of money. 43. Chuyên Hà Nam Many celebrated artists have found it hard to make (1)____________meet early on in their careers. (2)____________a few well-known exceptions, however, (poor Van Gogh being perhaps the most famous one) most went on to find recognition within their own lifetime. Picasso’s life story is the kind of rags-to-riches tale which gives hope to many (3) ____________ unknown artist. In 1904, he was sharing a draughty and primitive studio complex with thirty other artists. But by his death, he was a multi-millionaire and probably the most celebrated modern artist (4)____________. Nevertheless for (5)____________ success story, there must be dozens of artists (perhaps some potential ‘greats’) who have endured a lifetime of hardship in obscurity. Whether they were never recognized because their work was out of sympathy with the prevailing fashion, (6) ____________ because they lacked talent, is impossible to say. Most people see art (7) ____________ a vocation (8) ____________ than a career. There may indeed be some truth in the idea that artists need to (9) ____________ exceptionally dedicated to succeed, and even relatively successful artists sometimes have (10) ____________ supplement their income by working in other areas occasionally. 44. Chuyên Hà Nam 2021-2022 Vitamins are good for our (1) ___________, aren’t they? Perhaps not. New research suggests that rather than ward off disease, high doses of certain vitamins may (2) _____________more harm than good and could even put you in an early grave. A variety of recent studies suggest that far from improving health, these vitamins, (3)_____________taken in very high doses, may actually increase the (4)______________of cancer and a range of debilitating diseases, a discovery (5) ____________has sent medical world into a spin. Scientists are unsure as to why vitamins, so essential to health, can be toxic in high doses. The most likely explanation is that the body (6) ____________ only equipped to deal with the levels found naturally in (7) ___________ environment. If the intake is too far above the normal range, then the body’s internal chemistry can be shunted out of alignment. (8) _______________ this means is that the commercially sold vitamins and those provided by nature are not always compatible. The commercial forms may interfere (9) _______________ the body’s internal chemistry by ‘crowding out’ the (10) _____________natural and beneficial forms of nutrients. 45. THE BLOOD MOON A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth’s shadow falls directly onto the moon. (1) ________ happens as a result is that the moon stops being a silvery white colour and turns coppery red instead; the sort of colour usually only seen in the sky at dawn or sunset. An astronaut on the moon, looking towards Earth (2) ________ a lunar eclipse, would see a black disc, surrounded (3) ________a bright red ring. It’s the light from this red ring which is reflected back to the dark Earth from the moon’s surface. In ancient times, long (4) ________ any of this was understood, the lunar eclipse was known (5) ________a blood moon and was thought to be an omen of disaster. Total eclipses can only occur when there is a full moon, and then only if it is lined (6) ________ with the Earth in a particular way. (7) ________easily obscured by cloud cover, blood moons are fairly common, and it is relatively easy to calculate where and when you might be (8) ________ to see one. For example, in 1504 Christopher Columbus was stranded in Jamaica and (9) ________ dire need of provisions, but the local inhabitants were reluctant to help. Columbus knew that a lunar eclipse would occur on 29 February, however. So, the day before, he warned local leaders that the moon would disappear (10) ________ they helped him. They remained skeptical. But when the moon slowly started to change colour, they became so frightened that they started to bring food. 46. Chuyên Anh Hà Tĩnh 2021-2022 GENERATING ELECTRICITY FROM HEAT What if every single gallon of gas in our cars and lump of coal in our power plants did extra duty? What if we could get even (1) ____________ out of our fuel? That is the basic idea of waste heat recovery systems. A young business called Alphabet Energy based in California aims to take the well-known idea of generating electricity from captured heat, and use (2) ____________on a massive scale with a (3) _____________ help from nanotechnology. Alphabet hopes to make its name by providing a tiny chip that can be inserted into any exhaust pipe or engine to convert heat (4) _____________ electrical power. This tiny chip is a clever device that can (5) ______________ use of heat to generate power without needing any moving parts at (6) _________________ (in much the same way as a solar cell generates electricity from light). It is based on the familiar principle that it is possible to use heat to push electrons through a material. Alphabet says its innovation lies not (7) _____________ in its choice of material but also in its special technology, all of (8) ____________ makes it highly suitable for use in small pipes as well as in large factory chimneys. The device is connected by wire to the plant's electrical system or to the grid (9) ___________ that it is able to feed in power converted by heat in real time. Still only a year old. Alphabet has the ambitious goal of leading (10) _____________ it believes could be a $200 billion global market. 47. Chuyên Nam Sơn - Thanh Hoá 2021-2022 With busy lives, it can be hard to find time to volunteer. (1)___________, the benefits of volunteering can be enormous. Volunteering offers vital help to people in need, worthwhile causes, and the community, but the benefits can be even greater for you, the (2) ___________. The right match can help you to find friends, connect with the community, learn new skills, and even advance your career. Giving to (3)__________ can also help protect your mental and physical health. It can reduce stress, combat depression, keep you mentally stimulated, and provide a (4) ____________ of purpose. While it's true that the more you volunteer, the more benefits you'll experience, volunteering doesn't have to involve a long-term (5) ___________ or take a huge amount of time out of your busy day. Giving in even simple ways can help (6) _____________ in need and improve your health and happiness. One of the more well-known benefits of volunteering is the impact on the (7) ____________. Volunteering allows you to connect to your community and make it a better place. Even helping out with the smallest tasks can make a real (8) ______________ to the lives of people, animals, and organizations in need. And volunteering is a two-way (9) _____________: It can benefit you and your family as much as the cause you choose to help. Dedicating your time as a volunteer helps you make new friends, expand your (10) ____________, and boost your social skills. 48. Chuyên Anh Vĩnh Phúc 2021-2022 PENGUINS IN PERIL The emperor penguins of the Antarctic have survived some of the (1) ___________ conditions on Earth for centuries. However, their long-term survival now seems to be in doubt due to global warming, the effects of (2) _____________ became apparent in the region as early as 2001. In January of that year, a massive iceberg broke (3) ____________ from the Ross Ice Shelf, the largest platform of ice in Antarctica. At 290 km long and 39 km wide, it was the biggest iceberg (4) ___________ recorded. After drifting at sea, it eventually (5) ___________ with another section of the Ross Ice Shelf, destroying the nesting areas of emperor penguins in (6) ___________ process. Many of the parent penguins that had been sitting on their eggs were crushed, while those that survived (7) ___________ the area. Consequently, chick production plummeted to less than half the level it had been prior to the disaster. 49. Chuyên Anh Đồng Nai 2021-2022 TREES All over the world, forests are safeguarding the health of the planet itself. They do this (1) _______________ protecting the soil, providing water and regulating the climate. Trees bind soil to mountain-sides. Hills (2) _____________ the trees have been felled lose 500 times as much soil a year as those with trees. Trees catch and store rainwater. Their leaves break the impact of the rains, robbing them (2) ______________ their destructive power. The roots of trees allow the water to go into the soil, which gradually releases it to flow down rivers and refill ground-water reserves. Where there are (3) ______________ trees, the rains run in sheets of water off the land, carrying soil with them. Land covered with trees and other plants absorbs 20 times more rainwater than bare earth. As (4) _______________ grow, trees absorb carbon dioxide, the main cause of the “greenhouse effect", (5) ______________ threatens irreversibly to change the world's climate. Together, the world's trees, plants and soils contain three times as much carbon as there is in the atmosphere. The world's forests contain (6) _______________ vast majority of its animal and plant species. The tropical rainforests alone have well (7) ______________ half of them, even though they cover only about 6% of the Earth's land surface. 50. Chuyên Quảng Trị 2022-2023 It is a well-known fact that Japanese people have a longer life expectancy than the population of most other countries. A recent report shows that the Japanese also expect to remain healthier (1) ____________ longer. Scientists are trying to work (2)____________what keeps elderly Japanese people so heathy, and whether there is a lesson to be (3)_____________ from their lifestyles. Should we make any changes to our eating (4)____________, for instance, or go jogging each day before breakfast? Is there some secret (5)______________ in the Japanese diet that is particularly beneficial for the human body? Although the prospect of a longer , healthier life is a good thing for the (6)______________, it can actually create a social problem.The number of people over the age of 65 in the population (7) ______________ doubled in the last 50 years and that has increased pension and medical costs. Japan could soon be facing an economic problem: there are more elderly people who need to be looked (8)_______________. And relatively fewer younger people working and paying taxes to support them. One solution could be to raise retirement (9) _____________ from 65 to 70 . After all, the elderly have a great deal to contribute . If they continue to be active in society , younger generations will have the chance to learn more from their wisdom and (10) _____________. 51. Chuyên Quảng Trị 2020-2021 To have an allergy alert means that a person is affected either by a substance in the atmosphere (1) _______________ by some sort of food. These days, a lot of people suffer from one kind of allergy or another. So, what can people do to fight allergies? If someone is allergic to chocolate, for instance, the simplest (2) ________________ to do would be to avoid eating any chocolate. If, on the (3) ______________ hand, the allergic reaction is caused by (4) _______________ unknown or difficult to avoid, then the only solution is prescribed medication. The chances of someone having an allergy are bound to be great if allergies (5) __________ in the family. In other words, if one parent suffers from allergies, the child has a thirty percent chance of being allergic, too. If (6) _______________ parents are affected, the risk doubles. However, there is absolutely no logical (7) ______________to be terrified of that possibility. Those (8) _______ suffer can carry (9) ______________with their lives and not let their allergies wear them out. They shouldn’t feel different from everyone (10)_______________. 52. Chuyên Quảng Trị 2017-2018 Do you need a change? Are you fed up with horse-racing? Tired (1) ……………........watching dogs race round a track? If you are, then what you need to try (2) …………… ..... sheep-racing. Sheep-racing, which started (3) ………….....a joke, was the idea of Richard Turner, a farmer in the south of England. Much to (4) …………….......surprise, it caught on and the races are now (5) …………….....a success that Richard has to organize one every day. A race consists of six sheep (6)………….........round a 240-metre track. The sheep have funny names (7)…………....... 'Little Pullover and are ridden by woollen jockeys, which sometimes fall off. Rather surprisingly the sheep are (8) ……………........to move fast - the course record is 22 seconds. But what makes these lazy creatures moves so quickly? The (9)……………....... is greed. Food is put at the finish. Like horse-racing and dog-racing, people bet on (10)……………...........sheep will be the winner. The. difference here is that all profits go to the local hospital. 53. Chuyên Thanh Hóa 2009-2010 Language is a (1) ___________ of communication so each nation has its (2) _______________ language. However some nations have the same language. According to the speakers' use of language, it is called the first, second or (3)_______________ language. Among the languages used by most people in the world (4) _________________ English. This does not mean that English is spoken by greater number of speakers (5)________________ any other languages, for it is easily (6) _______________ by Chinese in this respect. However, it is (7)________________ most international of languages because it provides ready access to the world scholarship and world trade. That is the (8) __________________ why millions of men (9)______________ women try (10)_______________ master it. 54. Chuyên Nam Sơn - Thanh Hóa 2010-2011 Every year, the village of Pettineo celebrates its unique arts festival. For a few days each summer, (1) …………………. from all over Europe gather at this village near the north coast of Sicily to enjoy the creative atmosphere. (2)........................... their stay, the artists get together with the local people (3) …………………....... paint a one- kilometre long picture that runs the length of the high street. Once the painting is done, (4)....................... visiting artist joins a (5) ……….......... family for a big lunch and, in exchange (6)........................ the meal, the family receives the section of the (7).................... that the artist has painted. As a result, though few villagers are (8) ……………......, almost every home has at least one painting (9).............................a well-known European artist. Visitors to the village are eagerly invited into homes to see (10).................... paintings. 55. Chuyên Nam Sơn - Thanh Hoá 2022-2023 NEW ZEALAND'S EARLY CRAFTS AND TRADITIONS The first groups of people to discover New Zealand came from Polynesia. Exactly when these explorers arrived has often been a (1).................................. for debate, but today the general understanding is that it was during the 13th century (2).................................. their canoes eventually landed on New Zealand's shores. In some ways the new country must have seemed (3)............................... an ideal place to settle: the land was fertile, and thick forests provided fire wood, shelter, and building materials. Still, life would have been challenging for the different Polynesian tribes, who had to (4)................................. to a new environment. The tribes only began to refer to themselves as Maori, (5).............................. "ordinary people", when Europeans in (6)................................. of new opportunities began arriving in the 18th century. To the Maori, of course, the European settlers and sailors were not "ordinary" (7)............................................ very strange.It was not only the knowledge of canoe-building and navigation that the Polynesians brought to New Zealand. They were also skilled craftsmen. There is archaeological evidence that the tools they produced were (8).................................... high quality and would have enabled tribes to plant and harvest crops. Craftsmen were also occupied with making weapons such as knives and some crafts that had once been popular in Polynesian islands were no (9)...................................done in New Zealand although researchers are unsure why. Pottery is an (10).............................. of this despite the fact that the clay needed to make pots and bowls could easily be found in the new country. 56. If all countries had the same monetary units, a difficult problem of international trade would be solved. One country’s money is not usually good in (1)_________________, however, and it is necessary to have a system for (2)_____________ the currency of the buyer into (3)_______________ of the seller. Bankers handle this by doing (4)_______________ is called buying or selling foreign exchange. When an exporter sells his goods to a merchant in a foreign country, he makes (5)____________________ a bill of exchange for the merchandise. The bill of exchange looks (6)___________________ a common bank check. The exporter sends this bill to his bank and receives his money. (7)______________________, the exporter receives payment in his own currency. The exporter’s bank sends the bill of exchange to (8)__________________ branch bank which notifies the (9)___________________ who pays the bill in his currency. The branch bank keeps his money and uses it to pay future (10)_____________________ of exchange presented by merchants in that country who have goods to export. 57. For over two hundred years, scholars have shown an interest in the way children learn to speak and understand their language. Several small-scale studies were carried out, especially towards the end of the nineteenth century, (1)______________ data recorded in parental diaries. But detailed, systematic investigation did not begin until the middle decades of the twentieth century, when the tape recorder (2) ______________ into routine use. This made it possible to keep a permanent record of samples of child speech, so that analysts could listen repeatedly to obscure (3) ________________, and thus produce a detailed and accurate description. The problems that have (4) ______________ when investigating child speech are quite different from (5) __________________ encountered when working with adults. It is not possible to carry out certain kinds of experiments, because aspects of children’s cognitive development, such as their ability to (6) _________________ attention or to remember instructions, may not be sufficiently advanced. (7)________________ is it easy to get children to (8) __________________ systematic judgments about language – a task that is virtually impossible below the age of three. Moreover, anyone who has tried to make a tape recording of a representative sample of a child’s speech knows how frustrating this can be. Some children, it seems, are innately programmed to (9) ________________ off as soon as they notice a tape recorder (10) ________________ switched on. 58. The Goulburn Valley is situated in the south-east corner of the Australian continent, in the state of Victoria. Because of the introduction (1) __________ irrigation over a century ago, primary industry flourished, resulting in (2)___________multitude of orchards and market gardens. After World War II, migrants flocked to the area in search of work on the farms, and in (3)___________ cases, establishing a property of their own. Unfortunately, the region (4)___________taken a turn for the worse over the past decade. The irrigation water that was (5)___________plentiful has now been rationed, and many farmers have been forced (6)___________the land. The main source of water (7)___________from the Goulburn River, with several reservoirs located along its stretch to the mighty Murray River. Dam capacities have fallen to dangerous levels, resulting in some farmers having an inadequate supply of irrigation water. (8)___________ the recent hardships, some farmers have continued to eke an existence out of the land. Many have become (9)_________ ingenious, devising new ways to utilize water plus finding special niches to service the ever-changing urban needs. Perhaps the Goulburn Valley can return to its prosperous times (10)_________. 59. In 1912, the world’s top mathematicians began to receive letters which were full of incredibly complex formulations. They came from Madras, in India, where a 23- year –old accounts clerk named Srinivasa Ramanujan had seemingly (1)...............................up with hundreds of new solutions to known mathematical problems (2).........................................any form of assistance or training. For the most (3)....................................., the professional mathematicians’ response was the usual one when faced with eccentric letters: they consigned them straight (4)........................................the bin. But in 1913, some reached G.H Handy, a leading authority number theory at Cambridge University. He , too, initially dismissed the letters (5)...................................the work of an eccentric, but unable to (6)........................................them out of his head, he eventually subjected them to closer scrutiny. After a few hours, Hardy arrived at the conclusion that what he had (7)....................................him was the work of a mathematical genius, a view confirmed by colleagues with whom he shared his discovery. Before very (8)......................................., Ramanujan had received an invitation to Cambridge and, once there, he soon proved (9)....................................worth. A fruitful collaboration with Hardy (10).....................................in the opening up of vast areas of mathematical research, still being worked on to this day. 60. WATER ON THE MOON As a result of the recent discovery of lunar water, the moon has suddenly become a far more interesting place for investors, who must now view the long-term prospects with optimism. The last manned mission to the moon drew (1)................................a close in 1973, when two astronauts from Apollo 17 climbed back into their lunar module, (2).................................. collected a lot of moon-rock, but bereft (3)............................. any future plans. Now the moon shines brighter for astronauts and scientists alike, (4)........................... to the existence of (5)................. might be billions of tones of water at its poles. There is (6).............................. high-tech substitute for water in space exploration. To support the international space station, it has cost at least $100,000 a day to send water (7)............................ orbit. Not only would lunar water cut these costs, but it would additionally be used for rocket fuel, (8)...........................two components, liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen, are the elements found in water. Scientists are particularly excited (9)...................................., given the absence of an atmosphere, lunar water has never been recycled and they believe, therefore, that it may very well hold (10).......................... to the formation of the solar system itself. 61. Volcanic eruption has been a constant threat to our natural environment for millions of years, but seldom in recent times (1)............................. volcano erupted with the ferocity of Krakatoa. (2).............................., which is a volcanic island group in Indonesia, erupted on 27th August 1883. (3)............................... only was the explosion so (4)............................. that it was heard as far away (more than 3,000 km) as Perth in Australia, but it is also recognized as (5)............................. the loudest sound ever (6)................................ Tens of thousands of people in the region were killed, many (7)................................ in the enormous tsunamis which the eruption produced – tsunamis which eventually reached South Africa and the English Channel. The explosion also had a major effect on the (8)...................................world’s weather system. The volcanic (9)................................ in the atmosphere reduced the amount of sunlight reaching the earth’s surface, reducing global temperatures by more than one degree centigrade. Only after five years had passed did global temperatures begin to return to (10)................................ 62. A new study from Australia suggests that couch potatoes live shorter lives. The study followed 8,800 adults (1) ________________ 25 and older for six and a half years and found that each daily hour of television viewing was (2) _________________ with an 18 percent increase in deaths from heart disease and an 11 percent increase in overall mortality. Those who watched television four hours or more per day were 80 percent more likely to die of cardiovascular disease than those who watched two hours or less, and 46 percent more likely to die of any cause. And it did not (3) _____________________ whether they were overweight, according to the study, which appeared Jan 11th in the online (4) ___________________ of Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association. Although it is possible that people who were already ill watched more television than those who were healthy, the researchers tried to rule that (5)_________________ by excluding subjects who already had heart disease and by adjusting for differences in risk (6) ____________________ like diet and smoking. While the benefits of physical activity have been well studied, there is growing interest (7) _____________________ researchers in assessing the effects of being sedentary. “For many people, on a daily (8) ___________________, they simply shift from one chair to another-from the chair in the car to the chair in the office to the chair in front of the television.” said the study’s lead author, David Dunstan of the baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute in Victoria, Australia. “(9) _________________ if someone has a healthy body weight, sitting for long periods still has an unhealthy (10) _______________________ on blood sugar and blood fats” 63. The Spanish way of life. The inhabitants of this very varied country have few things in common (1)………………………..for a natural sociability and a zest for living. Spaniards commonly put as much energy into enjoying life as they do into their work. The stereotypical mañana (leave everything (2)................................tomorrow) is a myth, but time is flexible in Spain and many people bend their work so as to fit in with the deman

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