1.The mouse eats the cheese.
2.Lan writes the book
S +am / is / are + P.P +by O

?The cheese is eaten by the mouse
? The book is written by Lan
Present continuous
(HTTD)
S +am / is / are + V-ing +O

1.They are repairing the bridge.

2. Lan is writing the book.
S+ am / is / are + being + P.P+ by O

?The bridge is being repaired (by them)
?.The book is being written by Lan
Present perfect
(HTHT)
S +has / have + P.P +O

1.Tom has mailed the letter.
2.He hasn’t worn jackets for ages
S+ has / have + been + P.P + by O

?The letter has been mailed
? Jackets have not been worn (by him) for ages
Simple past
(QKĐ)

S+ V2 / V-ed + O

1.The news surprised Ann.
2.Lan wrote the book
S + was / were + P.P + by O

?Ann was surprised by the news
?.The book was written by Lan

Past continuous
(QKTD)
S + was / were + V-ing + O

1.Lan was writing the book.
2.She was doing the homework at that time yesterday.
S + was / were + being + P.P + by O

?The book was being written by Lan
?.The homework was being done (by her) at that time yesterday
Past perfect
(QKHT)

S + had + P.P + by O
1.Lan had written the book.
2.They had destroyed all the documents when they arrived.
S + had + been + P.P +by  O
?.The book had been written by Lan
? all the documents had been destroyed when they arrived
Simple future

(TLĐ)
S + will / shall + V1 + O

1.Lan will write the book.
S + will / shall + be + P.P + by O
?.The book will be written by Lan

Future perfect

(TLHT)
S+will/ shall+ have + P.P +O

1. Lan will have written the book before Tuesday.
S +will / shall + have + been + P.P + by O
?.The book will be written by Lan before Tuesday
The Modal verbs
(ĐTKK)
S + can, could, shall, should, may, might, must, have to, ought to +V-bare
1. You must finish this report
S + can/could/may…..+ be + PP
?This report must be finished

          Subject
I
WE
YOU
HE
SHE
IT
THEY
NOUN
WHO
Object
ME
US
YOU
HIM
HER
IT
THEM
NOUN
WHOM
NOTES: LƯU Ý:
1. Khi chủ ngữ và túc từ trong câu chủ động là đại từ, ta phải thay đổi cho phù hợp

Ex: The teacher punished me.

? I was punished by the teacher.
2. Khi chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là những đại từ nhân xưng ( he, she, you, they, we..) và các từ như:  people, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, anybody…khi đổi sang bị động thường được bỏ đi
Ex: - They built this bridge last year. ? This bridge was built last year.
       - Someone has sent me the flowers? I have been sent the flowers………………
3. Khi trong câu chủ động có 2 túc từ thì dùng tức từ nào làm chủ ngữ cũng được, tuy nhiên, túc từ chỉ người được sử dụng nhiều hơn.
Ex: My mother bought me a new shirt. ? I was bought a new shirt by my mother
                                                      ? A new shirt was bought for me by my mother
      He sent me a postcard. ?I was sent a postcard
                                         ? A postcard was sent to me (by him)
4. Nếu S trong câu chủ động là Noone/ noboby khi đổi sang bị động ta bỏ by noone/ nobody nhưng động từ phải đổi sang thể phủ định.
Ex: Nobody saw him leaving the room. ? He was not seen leaving the room…

5. Vị trí của trạng từ.
a. Trạng từ chỉ thể cách được đặt trứơc Past Participle.
Ex:      The boss has treated them badly. ? …They have been badly treated by the boss
b. Trạng từ chỉ thời gian có thể đặt ở đầu câu hoặc sau by + O 
Ex      Mr Brown bought the house last week. ? The house was bought by Mr Brown last week
c. Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn được đặt trước by + O
Ex: Mary bought the gift from that shop. ? The gift was bought from that shop by Mary

1.The mouse eats the cheese.
2.Lan writes the book
S +am / is / are + P.P +by O

?The cheese is eaten by the mouse
? The book is written by Lan
Present continuous
(HTTD)
S +am / is / are + V-ing +O

1.They are repairing the bridge.

2. Lan is writing the book.
S+ am / is / are + being + P.P+ by O

?The bridge is being repaired (by them)
?.The book is being written by Lan
Present perfect
(HTHT)
S +has / have + P.P +O

1.Tom has mailed the letter.
2.He hasn’t worn jackets for ages
S+ has / have + been + P.P + by O

?The letter has been mailed
? Jackets have not been worn (by him) for ages
Simple past
(QKĐ)

S+ V2 / V-ed + O

1.The news surprised Ann.
2.Lan wrote the book
S + was / were + P.P + by O

?Ann was surprised by the news
?.The book was written by Lan

Past continuous
(QKTD)
S + was / were + V-ing + O

1.Lan was writing the book.
2.She was doing the homework at that time yesterday.
S + was / were + being + P.P + by O

?The book was being written by Lan
?.The homework was being done (by her) at that time yesterday
Past perfect
(QKHT)

S + had + P.P + by O
1.Lan had written the book.
2.They had destroyed all the documents when they arrived.
S + had + been + P.P +by  O
?.The book had been written by Lan
? all the documents had been destroyed when they arrived
Simple future

(TLĐ)
S + will / shall + V1 + O

1.Lan will write the book.
S + will / shall + be + P.P + by O
?.The book will be written by Lan

Future perfect

(TLHT)
S+will/ shall+ have + P.P +O

1. Lan will have written the book before Tuesday.
S +will / shall + have + been + P.P + by O
?.The book will be written by Lan before Tuesday
The Modal verbs
(ĐTKK)
S + can, could, shall, should, may, might, must, have to, ought to +V-bare
1. You must finish this report
S + can/could/may…..+ be + PP
?This report must be finished

          Subject
I
WE
YOU
HE
SHE
IT
THEY
NOUN
WHO
Object
ME
US
YOU
HIM
HER
IT
THEM
NOUN
WHOM
NOTES: LƯU Ý:
1. Khi chủ ngữ và túc từ trong câu chủ động là đại từ, ta phải thay đổi cho phù hợp

Ex: The teacher punished me.

? I was punished by the teacher.
2. Khi chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là những đại từ nhân xưng ( he, she, you, they, we..) và các từ như:  people, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, anybody…khi đổi sang bị động thường được bỏ đi
Ex: - They built this bridge last year. ? This bridge was built last year.
       - Someone has sent me the flowers? I have been sent the flowers………………
3. Khi trong câu chủ động có 2 túc từ thì dùng tức từ nào làm chủ ngữ cũng được, tuy nhiên, túc từ chỉ người được sử dụng nhiều hơn.
Ex: My mother bought me a new shirt. ? I was bought a new shirt by my mother
                                                      ? A new shirt was bought for me by my mother
      He sent me a postcard. ?I was sent a postcard
                                         ? A postcard was sent to me (by him)
4. Nếu S trong câu chủ động là Noone/ noboby khi đổi sang bị động ta bỏ by noone/ nobody nhưng động từ phải đổi sang thể phủ định.
Ex: Nobody saw him leaving the room. ? He was not seen leaving the room…

5. Vị trí của trạng từ.
a. Trạng từ chỉ thể cách được đặt trứơc Past Participle.
Ex:      The boss has treated them badly. ? …They have been badly treated by the boss
b. Trạng từ chỉ thời gian có thể đặt ở đầu câu hoặc sau by + O 
Ex      Mr Brown bought the house last week. ? The house was bought by Mr Brown last week
c. Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn được đặt trước by + O
Ex: Mary bought the gift from that shop. ? The gift was bought from that shop by Mary