1. How long have you sold your old house?
→ When did you sell your old house?

Giải thích: Câu hỏi "How long have you..." được chuyển sang câu quá khứ đơn "When did you...?" vì nó hỏi về thời điểm trong quá khứ.

2. She hasn’t spoken Japanese before.
→ It’s the first time she has spoken Japanese.

Giải thích: Sử dụng cấu trúc It’s the first time + S + has/have + V3/ed để diễn đạt lần đầu làm điều gì đó.

3. This is the first time she has driven a car.
→ She has never driven a car before.

Giải thích: Chuyển từ cấu trúc It’s the first time... sang phủ định She has never... before.

4. I haven’t heard from him since July.
→ I last heard from him in July.
→ The last time I heard from him was in July.

Giải thích: "I haven’t heard from him since..." được chuyển sang quá khứ đơn với I last heard... hoặc The last time I heard... để chỉ thời điểm cuối cùng.

5. My aunt has been teaching English for 40 years.
→ My aunt started teaching English 40 years ago.

Giải thích: Dùng cấu trúc started... ago để thay thế cho has been doing... for.

6. I went over my lesson and then went to school.
→ Before I went to school, I had gone over my lesson.

Giải thích: Dùng cấu trúc Before... had done... để diễn đạt hành động xảy ra trước.

7. Before he watched TV, he had done all his exercises.
→ After he had done all his exercises, he watched TV.

Giải thích: Dùng cấu trúc After... had done..., S + V2/ed để diễn đạt hành động xảy ra sau.