At a time when women scientists were rare, Marie Curie and her husband (1) ________.  the Nobel Prize in physics, one of the most important awards in (2) ________. In 1911, Marie Curie won a second Nobel Prize, this time in chemistry. She is one of very few people in history to win two Nobel prizes.

In 1891, Maria (3) ________ to Paris, France. She called herself Marie, the French form of Maria. She attended the Sorbonne, a famous college in Paris. Marie studied physics and mathematics and graduated at the top of her class! She also met a French chemist named Pierre Curie. They  married in 1895. In 1906, a horse-drawn carriage hit and killed Pierre. Marie stepped into his (4) ________at the Sorbonne. She was the first woman to teach at the university. She poured her energy into research and raising her daughters. One daughter, Irene, followed her parents into scientific research. In 1914, the Sorbonne built a new laboratory to research radioactive materials. Today the laboratory is named (5) ________Marie Curie. Marie Curie died on July 4, 1934. Today, an important result of Marie Curie’s research is the use of radiation to slow or destroy cancers. 

1. A. won               B. have won                     C. had won                      D. were won

2. A. scientist          B. scientific                      C. science                         D. scientifically

3. A. entered           B. has gone                      C. arrived                         D. travelled

4. A. learning post   B. teach post                    C. teaching post               D. learn post

5. A. after               B. with                            C. in                                D. Before

During the last 400 years, most scientists have relied on mathematics for the development of their inventions or discoveries. However, one great British scientist, Michael Faraday, did not make use of mathematics. Faraday, the son of a poor blacksmith, was born in London in 1791 and had no education beyond reading and writing.

     In 1812, Faraday was hired to wash bottles by the great chemist, Sir Humphrey Davy. Later, Faraday became a greater scientist than Davy.

Faraday made the first electric motor in 1821, a device that used electricity to produce movement. Then Faraday became interested in the relationship between electricity and magnetism. In 1831, he discovered that when a magnet is moved near a wire, electricity flows in the wire. With this discovery, he produced a machine for making electricity called dynamo. Faraday then went on to show how electricity affects chemical substances.

     Because Faraday believed that money should be given to the poor, when he grew old, he was very poor. However, Queen Victoria rewarded him for his discoveries by giving him a stipend and a house. Faraday died at the age of 76.

1.             Sir Humphrey Davy hired Faraday to work as a _______ .

A. scientist.            B. chemist.                       C. bottle washer               D. professor

2.            Which of the following statements is NOT true about Faraday?

A. His father was a blacksmith.             

B. He was born into a rich family.

C.  He just knew how to read and write.

D. He didn't make use of mathematics to develop his inventions.

3.            All of the following are mentioned as Faraday's achievements except _______ .

A. his discovery of magnetism.             

B. his invention of electric motor in 1821.        

C. his discovery of the effects of electricity on chemical substances.

D. his invention of dynamo.

4. Faraday got a stipend and a house as a reward from _______ .

A. his father. B. his friend. C. Sir Humphrey Davy.      D. Queen Victoria.

5. Faraday died in _______ .

A. 1831        B. 1876        C. 1812        D. 1867