For many people who live in cities, parks are an important part
of the landscape. They provide a place
for people to relax and play sports, as well as a refuge from the often harsh environment of a city. What people
often overlook is that parks also provide considerable environmental benefits.
One benefit of parks is that plants absorb carbon dioxide-a key pollutant-and emit oxygen which
humans need to breathe. According to one study, an acre of
trees can absorb the same amount of carbon
dioxide that a typical car emits in 11,000 miles of driving
Parks also make cities cooler. Scientists have long
noted what is called the Urban Heat Island Effect: building
materials such as metal, concrete, and asphalt
absorb much more of the sun's heat and release it much more
quickly than organic surfaces like trees and
grass. Because city landscapes contain so much of these
building materials, cities are usually warmer than surrounding rural areas, Parks and other green spaces help to
mitigate the Urban Heat Island Effect.
Unfortunately, many cities cannot easily create more parks
because most land is already being used for buildings, roads, parking lots, and other essential parts of
the urban environment. However, cities could
benefit from many of the positive effects of parks by
encouraging citizens to create another type of green space: rooftop gardens. While most people would not think of
starting a garden on their roof, human beings
have been planting gardens on rooftops for thousands of
years. Some rooftop gardens are very complex and
require complicated engineering, but others are simple
container gardens that anyone can create with the
investment of a few hundred dollars and a few hours of work Rooftop gardens provide many of the same benefits as other require complicated engineering, but others Heat Island Effect, which can save people money. In the summer, rooftop gardens prevent buildings from absorbing heat from the sun, which can significantly reduce cooling bills. In the winter, gardens help hold in the heat that materials like brick and concrete radiate so quickly, leading to savings on heating bills. Rooftop vegetable and herb gardens can also provide fresh food for city dwellers, saving them money and making their diets everyone can enjoy, they are also a smart environmental investment.
7) Which of the following pieces of information would, if true, most weaken the author's claim that rooftop gardens are good for the environment?
A. Parks have many benefits that rooftop gardens do not share
B. More pollution is produced during rooftop garden construction than rooftop plants can remove from the air.
C. Extremely high winds atop tall city buildings can severely damage some plants.
D. The overall environmental benefits that result from driving less exceed those of planting a rooftop garden.
8) Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
A. A hypothesis is stated and then analyzed.
B. A proposal is evaluated and alternatives are explored.
C. A viewpoint is established and then defended.
D. A thesis is presented and then supported.
9) Based on information in the passage, it can be inferred that the author would most likely endorse a program that
A permitted the construction of buildings in city park land provided they have rooftop gardens
B. extended discounts on plants to customers who use them to create rooftop gardens
C. offered free admission to schools willing to take their students on field trips to the city park
D. promised vacation getaways to cooler destinations for those trapped in the city at the peak of summer
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